Efficacy of transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation in neonates with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS). Methods: The clinical data on surgical treatment and follow-up in 16 patients with PA-IVS who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation in Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University from October 2018 to October 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The right ventricular systolic pressure and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) were compared before and after operation. In addition, the SpO2 and echocardiographic data at preoperative and the last follow-up were compared. Comparisons between groups were performed using paired-samples t test. Results: Among the 16 patients (10 males and 6 females) with the age at operation of 19 (14, 26) days, 12 cases underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation successfully, 2 cases were transferred to surgery department for open-heart pulmonary valvulotomy, and the remaining 2 cases were transmitted to surgery department for transthoracic pulmonary valve perforation. The age at operation of the 12 patients who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation was 18 (14, 27) days, and the weight was (3.6±0.4) kg. The immediate postoperative right ventricular systolic pressure decreased significantly ((57±16) vs. (95±19) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), t=7.49, P<0.001), and the postoperative SpO2 was improved effectively (0.90±0.48 vs.0.75±0.09, t=-5.61, P<0.001). The follow-up time was 22 (7, 33) months for 12 patients who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation successfully. At the last follow-up, the ratio of right to left ventricular transverse diameter was significantly higher than that before operative (0.55±0.05 vs. 0.45±0.05, t=-3.27,P=0.007). Furthermore, the Z-scores of pulmonary valvular diameter (-0.78±0.23 vs. -1.73±0.56, t=-8.52, P<0.001) and the tricuspid valvular diameter (-0.52±0.12 vs. -1.46±0.38, t=-10.40, P<0.001) were all significantly higher than preoperative data. At last, all the patients achieved biventricular circulation without death or major complications. Conclusion: Transcatheter pulmonary valve perforation is a safe and effective therapy for neonatal PA-IVS, and its curative effect has been confirmed by the medium follow-up data.

Analysis of the effects of low/intermediate dose of coagulation factor Ⅷ on 30 adult patients with severe hemophilia A in a single center / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of low- and intermediate-dose factor Ⅷ (F Ⅷ) prophylaxis in Chinese adult patients with severe hemophilia A. Methods: Thirty adult patients with severe hemophilia A who received low- (n=20) /intermediate-dose (n=10) F Ⅷ prophylaxis at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University Medical College were included in the study. The annual bleeding rate (ABR), annual joint bleeding rate (AJBR), number of target joints, functional independence score of hemophilia (FISH), quality of life score, and health status score (SF-36) before and after preventive treatment were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results: The median follow-up was 48 months. Compared with on-demand treatment, low- and intermediate-dose prophylaxis significantly reduced ABR, AJBR, and the number of target joints (P<0.05) ; the improvement in the intermediate-dose prophylaxis group was better than that in the low-dose prophylaxis group (P<0.05). Compared with on-demand treatment, the FISH score, quality of life score, and SF-36 score significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05) . Conclusion: In Chinese adults with severe hemophilia A, low- and intermediate-dose prophylaxis can significantly reduce bleeding frequency, delay the progression of joint lesions, and improve the quality of life of patients as compared with on-demand treatment. The improvement in clinical bleeding was better with intermediate-dose prophylaxis than low-dose prophylaxis.

Assessment of the burden of clonorchiasis and its temporal changes in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To assess the burden of clonorchiasis and identify its temporal and spatial changes in China, thus to provide insights into the control and prevention of the diseases. Methods The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) was employed as the primary indicator for the disease burden. The prevalence data of Clonorchis sinensis infection were obtainted from the three national surveys on important human parasitic diseases in China, conducting during the period from 1988 to 1922, from 2001 to 2004 and from 2014 to 2016, respectively, and the demographic data from National Bureau of Statistics of China. DALYs of clonorchiasis were calculated and the temporal changes were analyzed at both national and provincial levels, using the disability weight (DW) obtained from a community study in China. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to compare the resulted DALYs of China calculated under the method adopted in this study and that calculated with other commonly used methods. Results The national burden of clonorchiasis was 489174.04 [95% confidence interval (CI): (391648.87, 597509.87)] DALYs in China in 2016, indicating 0.36 [95% CI: (0.28, 0.43)] DALYs per 1 000 populations. The regions with a high burden of clonorchiasis were concentrated in southern China and northeastern China, and the provinces with the three highest burdens of clonorchiasis included Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province and Heilongjiang Province, which accounted for 91.18% of total burdens of clonorchiasis in China. During the periods of the three national surveys on important human parasitic diseases in China, the national burden of clonorchiasis was found to show a tendency of first rise and then decrease in China; however, the burden of clonorchiasis has recently shown a tendency towards a rise in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province and Jiangxi Province. Sensitivity analysis showed that the calculation of diseases burden with age-stratified prevalence of clonorchiasis was similar to that of our method without age stratification; however, the burden estimates calculated only based on the DW of the severe symptoms were much lower than our estimates. Conclusions The burden of clonorchiasis is high in China, with a large regional difference. Recently, the overall burden of clonorchiasis has shown a tendency of decline in China; however, there is a tendency towards a rise in some provinces. Therefore, the control of clonorchiasis requires more adaptations to local circumstances.

Efficacy and safety of Shenyankangfu Tablet, a Chinese patent medicine, for primary glomerulonephritis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Shenyankangfu Tablet (SYKFT) is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease.@*OBJECTIVE@#This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT, for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients, against the standard drug, losartan potassium.@*DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION@#This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Primary glomerulonephritis patients, aged 18-70 years, with blood pressure ≤ 140/90 mmHg, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min per 1.73 m@*MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES@#The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level, after 48 weeks of treatment.@*RESULTS@#A total of 735 participants were enrolled. The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78% ± 2.56% (P = 0.006) more than that in the losartan 50 mg group, which was 0.51% ± 2.54% (P = 1.000) less than that in the losartan 100 mg group. Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39% ± 2.49% (P < 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein level. Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77% ± 2.52% (P = 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein. With a superiority threshold of 15%, neither was statistically significant. eGFR, serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant. The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT (-3.00 [-6.00, -2.00]) and who did not take SYKFT (-2.00 [-5.00, 0]) was statistically significant (P = 0.003). No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group.@*CONCLUSION@#SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients, with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR. SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER@#NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Analysis on acupoint selection rules for reflux esophagitis / 中国针灸

The data mining technology was used to explore the acupoint selection rules for reflux esophagitis (RE), so as to provide references of clinical acupuncture for RE. The clinical literature of acupuncture for RE published before June 2019 was searched in Chinese journal full-text database (CNKI), SinoMed, Wanfang and VIP databases. The literature was selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and acupoint prescriptions were extracted. The software of IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 and Clementine 12.0 were used for descriptive analysis and association analysis. A total of 46 articles were selected and 60 acupoint prescriptions were extracted. The descriptive analysis indicated that the top five acupoints used for RE were Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36), Weishu (BL 21), Neiguan (PC 6) and Gongsun (SP 4). The conception vessel, bladder meridian and stomach meridian were the most commonly selected meridians. In terms of specific acupoints, the crossing points, the front- points and five- points were mainly selected, and the acupoints were mainly distributed in limbs and chest-abdomen. The core acupoint combination for RE was "Zhongwan (CV 12) and Zusanli (ST 36)" and the core prescription was "Zhongwan (CV 12), Zusanli (ST 36), Weishu (BL 21) and Neiguan (PC 6)".

Establishment of a New Evaluation Method for Identification of Drug Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Based on Rapid Identification System of Microorganisms / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the feasibility of the rapid identification system(MALDI-Biotyper System) of microorganisms for rapid identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and clinical isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Method::Identification quality control and clinical isolation were conducted for drug resistance of S. aureus by microbial rapid identification system and broth dilution method. The scores of microbial rapid identification system were compared with the MIC value of broth dilution method. The drug resistance of P. aeruginosa was simultaneously identified to determine the accuracy and applicability of the rapid identification system of microorganisms. Result::The scores of the microbial rapid identification system showed that the score of sensitive quality control strain S. aureus was higher than 2.000, and the that of resistant strain of methicillin-resistant S. aureus(methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA)was between 1.700 and 2.000.The score of clinically isolated S. aureus was between 1.700 and 2.000, which suggested the drug resistance and was consistent with the MIC value of the broth dilution method. At the same time, the systemic identification value of the P. aeruginosa, which is independent of the quality control sensitive strain, was greater than 2.000, showing sensitivity and it was a sensitive strain itself, which was consistent with the results. Conclusion::The microbial rapid identification system scoring method can be used for the rapid identification of the drug resistance of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

Effect of Tanreqing Injection and Antibiotics on Multi-drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Efflux Pump / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the interaction between Tanreqing injection and commonly used antibiotics against multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA) and the effect on bacterial efflux pump. Method:Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed with bacteria. Paper diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer, KB) combined with efflux pump inhibitor (50 mg·L-1) was used to measure the diameter of the inhibition zone, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect gene expression of efflux pump Positive efflux pump strain. KB method was used to observe the changes of Tanreqing (final concentration 3 g·L-1) and antibiotics on the diameter of the zone of inhibition. Strains were co-cultured with Tanreqing and antibiotic sub-inhibitory concentrations for Real-time PCR detection. KB method was used to observe the effect of Tanreqing on the diameter of bacteriostatic ring after the continuous use of efflux pump-positive bacteria. Result:Two MDR-PA efflux pump-positive strains were identified and screened. Tanreqing has synergistic antibacterial effect with aloxicillin, aztreonam, meropenem, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and Shupushen. In inhibiting the expression levels of bacterial efflux pump genes, the four drugs were compared by the effect: cefoperazone>Tanreqing>ceftazidime>Shupushen. After Tanreqing continued to act on efflux pump-positive strains, it could have a better effect in combination with ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and Shupushen. Conclusion:Tanreqing, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and Shupushen can reduce the drug resistance of bacteria by down-regulating the expressions of bacterial efflux pump genes, and reducing the clinical dose of antibiotics, and thus play a bacteriostatic effect.

Application of Lee-Carter model in the prediction of mortality risk in digestive tract cancer in Suzhou / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective A Lee-Carter model was used to predict the risk and trend of mortality in the digestive tract cancer in Suzhou from 2002 to 2016. Methods The crude and standardized mortality rates were calculated based on deaths of digestive tract cancer which was identified from Suzhou chronic disease surveillance system.We used Lee-Carter model to predict the trend of mortality in digestive tract cancer. Results The effectiveness of the results forecasted by Lee-Carter model was validated in the data of digestive tract cancer mortality from 2012 to 2016 in Suzhou. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values for the model were 2.48% and 4.13% for the age and year respectively, which indicated a well accepted prediction value. The mortality index was on the down trend in overall digestive tract cancer from 2002 to 2016, among which the mortality index in upper digestive tract cancer decreased, while the mortality index in lower digestive tract cancer increased. The mortality rate of upper digestive tract cancer was 4.23 fold higher than that of lower digestive tract cancer, and mortality rate in male was 2.17 times higher than that in female. Conclusions Our study observed a downward mortality trend in digestive tract cancer overall. Notably, the male mortality rate of lower digestive tract cancer was on an upward trend. In recent years, Suzhou has been undergoing a rapid population aging with medical and health level was increasing as well.

Effect of HPMCAS/curcumin amorphous solid dispersion in enhancing dissolution and chemical stability of curcumin / 中国中药杂志

To enhance in vitro dissolution of Cur by preparing Cur solid dispersions. The ability of HPMCAS-HF,HPMCAS-MF,HPMCAS-LF and PVPK30 to maintain supersaturated solution was investigated by supersaturation test. Amorphous solid dispersions were prepared by the solvent-evaporation method. The prepared samples were characterized using infrared spectroscopy( IR) and differential scanning calorimetry( DSC),and in vitro dissolution was investigated. DSC and IR results showed that in 1 ∶3 and 1 ∶9 solid dispersions,Cur was amorphously dispersed in the carrier,and the interaction existed between drug and carrier. The supersaturation test showed that the order of the ability of polymer to inhibit crystallization of Cur was MF>HF>LF>K30. The dissolution results showed that Cur-K30 amorphous solid dispersion had the highest drug release rate; Cur-K30 and Cur-LF amorphous solid dispersions had a quicker but not stable dissolution rate,and the drug concentration decrease after 4 h; Cur-MF and Cur-HF solid dispersions had a low dissolution,which however increased steadily,attributing to the strong ability of the polymers to inhibit the crystallization of Cur. HPMCAS could inhibit the degradation of Cur better than K30,especially MF and HF. The amorphous solid dispersions of cur significantly enhanced the dissolution of Cur and improved the chemical stability of Cur. This study can provide a basis for the rational selection of the polymer used for Cur solid dispersion.

Professor 's academic thoughts and acupoint selection experience for hot flashes / 中国针灸

Professor is a well-known national veteran doctor with over 70 years of clinical experience. He has unique academic thoughts and clinical experience for common diseases and some difficult and complicated diseases. This paper mainly introduces professor 's syndrome-differentiation thought and experience of acupoint selection for hot flashes. It is emphasized that common hot flashes, such as hot flashes and night sweats, are different between and . While regulating and , more attention should be paid to - harmony, which is not only suitable for women's perimenopausal syndrome, but also for a series of clinical diseases caused by refractory drugs such as endocrine therapy after breast cancer surgery. At the same time of acupoint selection based on syndrome differentiation, a more rational prescriptions should be made according to the duration of the disease and the experience acupoints to improve the clinical efficacy.

Study on transformation of ginsenoside Rg3 fermented by Monascus purpureus / 中草药

Objective: To explore the solid fermentation process of Panax ginseng by Monascus purpureus, which can transfer some major ginsenoside into rare ginsenoside Rg3 with stronger biological activity. Methods: The static dark culture method was used to perform microbial fermentation; Vanilline-glacial acetic acid method was used to detect the total saponins before and after fermentation, and the ginsenoside Rg3 was detected by HPLC. Results: The optimum process parameters of Monascus purpureus fermentation was fermentation 6 d, fermentation temperature 32 ℃, pH 7.0, and water content of substrate 50%. After 6 d of fermentation, the content of total saponins in fermentation products increased by 40%, and the content of ginsenoside Rg3 was 6.047 mg/g, which was 2.3 times as much as that of non-fermented P. ginseng. According to the change of monomer saponin content along with the fermentation time, it was deduced that the transformation path was Rb1 (Rb2)→Rd→Rh2→Rg3. Conclusion: The solid fermentation process of Monascus purpureus established in this study is reasonable, which not only lays a foundation for the directional production of rare saponins Rg3 but provides a theoretical support for preparing rare ginsenoside in vitro.

Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection and effect of albendazole treat-ment among residents in two communities of Zhongshan City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection among residents in two communities of Zhongshan City,and evaluate the effect of albendazole treatment,so as to offer the evidence for formulating the strategy of clo-norchiasis prevention and control.Methods The stool specimens were collected from the residents of two comprehensive dem-onstration areas,and the eggs of C.sinensis were detected by Kato-Katz technique.Those who were tested positive were treated with albendazole(0.4,twice a day for 4 days in adults,and half dosage for children aged 16 years or below).Three weeks after the treatment,the stool specimens were recollected and retested to evaluate the effect. Results A total of 532 people were in-vestigated and 96 were tested positive,with an infection rate of 18.05%.The infection rate was 28.63%(69/241)in the males and 9.28%(27/291)in the females,and there was a significant difference between them(Χ2=334.99,P<0.01).The infection rate increased with the increase of the age(Χ2=63.84,P<0.01).Among the 96 positive residents,94 received the albendazole treatment,and 86 were retested after the treatment with a negative conversion rate of 91.86%(79/86).Of the 7 residents without the conversion,5 had irregular medication.No severe adverse reactions were reported during the period of treatment. Conclu-sions The infection rate of C.sinensis among residents in the two communities of Zhongshan City is high,especially among the males and aged people.The effect of albendazole is good in the treatment of C.sinensis infection.In the future,the general sur-vey and treatment should be strengthened in order to lower the infection rate.

Expression of saponin biosynthesis related genes in different tissues of / 中国中药杂志

The relationship between saponin content of in different parts of the organization and expression of ginsenoside biosynthesis related gene was obtained by the correlation analysis between saponin content and gene expression. The 14 tissue parts of were studied, six saponins in Samples (ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂ and Rd), group saponins and total saponins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. Simultaneously, the expression levels of 7 ginsenoside biosynthesis related genes ( and ) in different tissues of were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Although 7 kinds of ginsenoside biosynthesis related enzyme gene in the involved in ginsenoside synthesis, the expression of and P450 genes had no significant effect on the content of monosodium saponins, grouping saponins and total saponins, and had significant or extremely significant on the contents of single saponins Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rd, group saponin PPD and PPT, total saponin TMS and total saponin TS (<0.05 or <0.01). The biosynthesis of partial saponins, grouping saponins and total saponins in was affected by the interaction of multiple enzyme genes in the saponin synthesis pathway, the content of saponins in different tissues of was determined by the differences in the expression of key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, this study further clarified that and was the key enzyme to control the synthesis of saponins in by correlation analysis, the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in was regulated by these five kind of enzymes in cluster co-expression of interaction mode.

Effects of hypoxia exposure for different time on structure and function of red blood cells in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of hypoxia exposure on the structure and function of erythrocytes in rats at different time.METHODS:Male SD rats(n=40)were randomly divided into 5 groups,normal control group,1-week hypoxia group ,2-week hypoxia group ,3-week hypoxia group and 4-week hypoxia group ,with 8 rats per group.The rats in hypoxia groups were placed in the simulated 5800 m of high altitude in a hypobaric chamber for different time.The values of detected blood ,erythrocyte deformation index ,erythrocyte osmotic fragility ,erythrocyte oxygen dissociation ,e-rythrocyte apoptosis and bone marrow biopsy were determined.RESULTS:Compared with normal control group ,the red blood cell count ,hemoglobin content ,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin significantly increased(P<0.01).Eversion rate of phosphatidylserine of erythrocytes increased.Oxygen half-saturation of hemoglobin increased(P<0.05).Bone marrow erythroid proliferation increased.The erythrocyte deformation index and erythrocyte osmotic fra-gility decreased significantly(P<0.01).In addition,oxygen dissociation curves shifted to the right.CONCLUSION:In the early stage of hypoxia ,compared with normal control group ,the changes of erythrocyte structure and function increase the oxygen supply to the tissue and are conducive to adapting to the plateau.However ,with the extension of hypoxia ,ex-cessive erythrocytosis results in thrombosis ,microcirculation disturbance and aggravating tissue hypoxia.

Application of multiplex PCR combined with invasive reaction and chromogenic reaction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles in detection of encephalitis and meningitis virus / 中国人兽共患病学报

We developed a method for detecting encephalitis and meningitis virus by using multiplex PCR combined with invasive reaction and a chromogenic reaction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles.Primers were designed based on the conservative regions of encephalitis and meningitis virus (Eastern equine encephalitis virus,EEEV;Western equine encephalomyelitis virus,WEEV;West Nile virus,WNV;Nipah virus,NiPA;Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV).Multiplex PCR system,invasive reaction and a chromogenic reaction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles were established to detect different encephalitis and meningitis virus in one reaction.Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV),St Louis encephalitis virus (StLEV),Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus(DV) were used to test its specificity.Quantitative RNA transcribed in vitro and PCR fragments were used to assess its sensitivity.Clinical specimens collected from JEV patients were detected by this method.A method for detecting encephalitis and meningitis virus by using multiplex PCR,invasive reaction and a chromogenic reaction catalyzed by gold nanoparticles were successfully established.This method can detect targeted pathogens specifically,and it has no cross reaction with TBEV,StLEV,CHIKV and DV.The detecting limitation for different targets was 103 copies/μL.Clinical samples were positive for JEV nucleic acids for above assay.The method presented here has characteristic of high specificity,sensitivity and throughput.The results can be observed by visual inspection.This method has broad application prospects in pathogen detection.

Analysis of Factors Associated with Death in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Study in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Patients on hemodialysis have a high-mortality risk. This study analyzed factors associated with death in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). While some studies used baseline data of MHD patients, this study used the most recent data obtained from patients just prior to either a primary endpoint or the end of the study period to find the characteristics of patients preceding death.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Participants were selected from 16 blood purification centers in China from January 2012 to December 2014. Patients' data were collected retrospectively. Based on survival status, the participants were divided into two groups: survival group and the death group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with all-cause mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In total, 4104 patients (57.58% male, median age 59 years) were included. Compared with the survival group, the death group had more men and more patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertensive nephropathy. The patients preceding death also had lower levels of diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum calcium, serum phosphate, Kt/V, and higher age. Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex (odd ratio [OR]: 1.437, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.094-1.886), age (OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.036-1.057), and presence of DN (OR: 1.837, 95% CI: 1.322-2.552) were the risk factors associated with mortality. High serum calcium (OR: 0.585, 95% CI: 0.346-0.989), hemoglobin (OR: 0.974, 95% CI: 0.967-0.981), albumin (OR: 0.939, 95% CI: 0.915-0.963) levels, and dialysis with noncuffed catheter (OR: 0.165, 95% CI: 0.070-0.386) were protective factors based on a multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hemodialysis patients preceding death had lower hemoglobin, albumin, and serum calcium levels. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex, age, DN, low hemoglobin, low albumin, and low serum calcium were associated with death in hemodialysis patients.</p>

Efficacy and safety of Changfu peritoneal dialysis solution: a multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A multi-center large scale study is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of domestic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. Some researchers believe that 6 L/d is enough for adequate dialysis, but there is no multi-center prospective study on Chinese population to confirm this. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic PD solution (Changfu) and its difference between 6 L and 8 L dosage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult PD patients who had taken PD therapy for at least one month were selected and divided into four groups according to two dialysis solution brands and two dialysis dosages, i.e., 6 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, 6 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution, 8 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, and 8 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution. After 48 weeks, the changes of primary and secondary efficacy indices were compared between different types and different dosages. We also analyzed the changes of safety indices.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Changes of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). Normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of net ultrafiltration volume (nUF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Changes of nPCR from baseline to 48 weeks between 6 L and 8 L showed no statistical differences; so did those of nUF and eGFR. The decline of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks in 6 L group was more than that in 8 L group. Change of Ccr was similar. During the 48-week period, the mean Kt/V was above 1.7/w, and mean Ccr was above 50 L×1.73 m(-2)×w(-1). More adverse events were found in Changfu group before Changfu Corporation commenced technology optimization, and the statistical differences disappeared after that.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The domestic PD solution (Changfu) was proven to be as effective as Baxter dialysis solution. During 48-week period, a dosage of 6 L/d was enough for these patients to reach adequate PD. Clinical study promotes technological optimization, further helps to improve the safety indices of the medical products.</p>

Expression of peroxiredoxin I in the rats exposed to silica / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the change in protein expression of peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) during pulmonary fibrosis among rats exposed to silica dust and to investigate the role of Prx I in pulmonary fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 30). The control group received intratracheal perfusion of saline (1 ml), while the experimental group received intratracheal perfusion of suspension of silica dust (50 mg/ml) to establish a rat model of silicosis. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 weeks after treatment, 10 rats in control group and 5 rats in experimental group were sacrificed. The lung tissues were collected for conventional pathological observation. The protein expression of Prx I at each time point was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the rats exposed to silica dust, Prx I was seen in the form of brown particles that were mainly distributed in the alveolar septa and the cytoplasm of alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells around the blood vessels and tracheae. The control group showed weak protein expression of Prx I, and the experimental group had significantly higher protein expression of Prx I than the control group at all time points (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the protein expression of Prx I was upregulated significantly at 1 and 2 weeks and decreased at 3∼8 weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The change in protein expression of Prx I may be one of the important causes of the onset and development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats exposed to free silica.</p>

Isolation and analysis of differentially expressed genes from peanut in response to challenge with Ralstonia solanacearum

Background: Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most devastating disease in peanut. Planting resistant peanut cultivars is deemed as the sole economically viable means for effective control of the disease. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying resistance and facilitate breeding process, differences in gene expression between seeds of Rihua 1 (a Virginia type peanut variety resistant to bacterial wilt) inoculated with the bacterial pathogen suspension (10(9) cfu ml-1) and seeds of the same cultivar treated with water (control), were studied using the GenefishingTM technology. Results: A total of 25 differentially expressed genes were isolated. Expression of genes encoding cyclophilin and ADP-ribosylation factor, respectively, were further studied by real time RT-PCR, and full length cDNAs of both genes were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Conclusions: The study provided candidate genes potentially useful for breeding peanut cultivars with both high yield and bacterial wilt resistance, although confirmation of their functions through transgenic studies is still needed.

Gambogic acid induces apoptosis of Jurkat cell through the MAPK signal pathway / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of gambogic acid (GA) on Jurkat cells and its underlying signaling pathway. Apoptosis induced by GA and some inhibitors was assayed by Annexin V/PI doubling staining. The levels of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 activated in living Jurkat cells were measured by flow cytometry. The expressions of caspase 3, caspase 9, p-JNK and P38 were detected by Western blot. The results showed that GA induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner. The positive cell number of activated caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 and the levels of activated caspase 3, caspase 9, p-JNK, P38 increased after Jurkat cells were treated with GA. ROS, CaMKII, caspase 3, caspase 9, MAPKK, JNK1/2 and P38 inhibitors had some significant effect on GA-induced apoptosis. ROS, CaMKII, MAPKK, JNK1/2 and P38 inhibitors decreased the levels of activated caspase 3, caspase 9 by GA.ROS, CaMKII, MAPKK, JNK1/2 inhibitors decreased the levels of p-JNK by GA. ROS, CaMKII, MAPKK, P38 inhibitors decreased the levels of P38 by GA. It is concluded that GA induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells by activated caspases through activating of ROS-CaMKII-MAPKK-JNK/P38 pathway.